T is for Togetherness | The Sprouted Life Challenge (4 of 4)

Article 7 Loneliness Facts & 7 Benefits of Social Connection

Evidence-Based Reasons to Fight Loneliness, Strengthen Social Connection, and Find Belonging in Your Community

Social connection and community belonging have an incredible impact on whole-person health, with impressive physical, mental, and emotional well-being benefits.

Conversely, the growing body of evidence of the health risks of loneliness and social isolation is so alarming, the WHO launched a Commission on Social Connection in 2023 to seek solutions.1

What is Loneliness? 

Loneliness—the perceived absence of social connection—is a major risk factor for poor physical and mental health outcomes across all age groups and genders around the world.1,2,3,4

7 Ways Loneliness
Harms Health

Lonely people are more likely to be affected by health problems,3 including:

1

Depression, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, and dementia3,4,5,6

2

Impaired self-perceived health3

3

Self-reported chronic diseases3

4

Unhealthy lifestyle choices (e.g., smoking, alcohol, and substance abuse)3,4

5

Obesity3

6

High cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes1,3

7

Illness, disease, and higher mortality risk3

Loneliness comes with a 30% higher risk of early death1—meaning a lack of social connection has as much (if not more) power to shorten lives as smoking, excessive drinking, or obesity.8

But while the negative impact of loneliness might be enough to scare all but the most committed hermit out of the house to make meaningful contact with others, the incredible health benefits of social connection are even more compelling.

What is Social Connection?

Although there are many ways to define social connection, it’s best explained as having two essential things:7

  • Feeling a sense of community belonging
  • Having people to confide in, talk about your problems with,
    or call on for help when you need it most

7 Good Reasons to
Seek Social Connection

In study after study, research shows that social connection supports:

1

Positive mental health and cognitive outcomes8

2

Positive self-reported health-related quality of life and general well-being8

3

Greater resilience to stress9 and infectious disease8

4

Healthy lifestyle choices7

5

Healthy body weight and reduced risk of complications from type 2 diabetes8

6

Heart health, including better control of blood pressure8

7

Reduced mortality risk and higher longevity8

On top of the clear positive health and well-being impact, social connection influences how satisfied you are at work, your economic prosperity, and your overall feeling of being fulfilled in life.8

How Social Connection Influences Health

Feeling you have someone to lean on in tough times is only the beginning of why social connection matters. Research shows there are three key ways social connection (or the lack thereof) influences health:10,11

  • Biological
    (stress hormones (and their effect on inflammation and immune function), and more)
  • Psychology
    (feeling meaning, purpose, hope, and security; how resilient you are to stress)  
  • Behaviour
    (how physically active you are, how well you eat, sleep, and take care of your health;
    how prone you are to risk-taking and substance use)

Whether it’s family or friends, research shows our closest relationships—having people you care for and who care for you—are the most important source of meaning, purpose, and motivation.8

Strong social connection inspires people to make positive, healthy choices.

That’s why the WHO isn’t the only public health agency to recognize the risks of loneliness and isolation—or the benefits of strong social connection. And why the U.S. Surgeon General also issued an advisory on the healing effects of social connection and community in 2023.8

From choosing to eat more fruits and vegetables7 and staying active7 to feeling empowered to go after your goals with gusto, the mutual care shared with your circle of trusted friends and family may be one of the strongest influences on your health.

And that’s the best reason we can think of to call, text, or write your friends, hug your family and say, “I love you” often, and participate in whatever community is most meaningful for you.

NEXT:

Head back to the T is for Togetherness page to explore other bonus content to find belonging and support in your community and invest in strong social connections.

1 Krug, E., Department of Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, It’s time to harness the power of connection for our health and well-being. WHO Commission on Social Connection, 5 November 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/it-s-time-to-harness-the-power-of-connection-for-our-health-and-well-being, accessed October 3, 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/it-s-time-to-harness-the-power-of-connection-for-our-health-and-well-being
2 Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., Cacioppo, J. T., Loneliness: Clinical Import and Interventions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, volume 10, issue 2, March 2015, pages 238 – 249. PMID: 25866548; PMCID: PMC4391342. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391342/pdf/nihms645836.pdf, accessed January 16, 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391342/pdf/nihms645836.pdf
3 Richard, A., Rohrmann, S., Vandeleur, C. L., Schmid, M., Barth, J., Eichholzer, M., Loneliness is adversely associated with physical and mental health and lifestyle factors: Results from a Swiss national survey. PLoS ONE, volume 12, issue 7 : e0181442, July 2017. PMID: 28715478; PMCID: PMC5513556. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5513556/pdf/pone.0181442.pdf, accessed January 16, 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5513556/pdf/pone.0181442.pdf
4 Vasan, S., Eikelis, N., Lim, M. H., & Lambert, E., Evaluating the impact of loneliness and social isolation on health literacy and health-related factors in young adults. Frontiers in psychology, volume 14, 2023, 996611, January 27, 2023. PMID: 36777213; PMCID: PMC9911678. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911678/pdf/fpsyg-14-996611.pdf, accessed December 1, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911678/pdf/fpsyg-14-996611.pdf
5 Lazzari C, Rabottini M. COVID-19, loneliness, social isolation and risk of dementia in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant literature. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, volume 26:2 2022; pages 196 – 207. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353804444_COVID-19_loneliness_social_isolation_and_risk_of_dementia_in_older_people_a_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_the_relevant_literature, accessed October 2, 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353804444_COVID-19_loneliness_social_isolation_and_risk_of_dementia_in_older_people_a_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_the_relevant_literature
6 McQuaid, R. J., Cox, S., Ogunlana, A., Jaworska, N., The burden of loneliness: Implications of the social determinants of health during COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, volume 296 (2021) 113648, 12 December 2021. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120333096, accessed July 8, 2021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120333096
7 Vancouver Coastal Health and Fraser Health, My Health My Community (MHMC) Survey Report: Social Connection and Health. 2018. Available from: https://myhealthmycommunity.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/MHMC_SocialConnections_web.pdf, accessed October 3, 2024. https://myhealthmycommunity.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/MHMC_SocialConnections_web.pdf
8 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Social Isolation: The U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory on the Healing Effects of Social Connection and Community. Office of the Surgeon General, 2023, content last reviewed July 30, 2024. Available from: https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf, accessed October 2, 2024. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf
9 Southwick, S.M., Sippel, L., Krystal, J., Charney, D., Mayes, L., Pietrzak, R., Why are some individuals more resilient than others: the role of social support. World Psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2016 Feb; volume 15(1), pages 77 – 79. PMID: 26833614; PMCID: PMC4780285. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4780285/, accessed October 4, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4780285/
10 Holt-Lunstad, J., The Major Health Implications of Social Connection. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2021, volume 30(3), pages 251 – 259. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352511844_The_Major_Health_Implications_of_Social_Connection, accessed October 3, 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352511844_The_Major_Health_Implications_of_Social_Connection
11 Holt-Lunstad J., Social connection as a critical factor for mental and physical health: evidence, trends, challenges, and future implications. World Psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2024 Oct, volume 23(3), pages 312 – 332. PMID: 39279411; PMCID: PMC11403199. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403199/, accessed October 3, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403199/